Identification of ornaments: It is necessary to examine the person from whom the other identical ornaments were brought

Factual aspects

1) The appellants are the accused nos.2, 3 and 5 – Kishore, Bala, and Banaras respectively. Five accused faced trial for the offences punishable under Section 148 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (for short, ‘the IPC’), Section 460 read with Section 149 of the IPC and Section 302 read with Section 149 of the IPC. All the five accused were convicted. For the offences punishable under Section 148 of the IPC, they were sentenced to undergo imprisonment for two years. For the second offence punishable under Section 460, read with Section 149 of the IPC, they were sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for ten years. For the offence punishable under Section 302 read with Section 149 of the IPC, they were sentenced to undergo life imprisonment.

2) The accused preferred an appeal before the High Court of Punjab and Haryana at Chandigarh. By the impugned judgment dated 27th April 2010, the High Court acquitted the accused no.1–Raka and the accused no.4–Lakhan but confirmed the conviction of the present appellants.

Facts: Murder for gain

3) According to the prosecution case, on the intervening night of 3rd and 4th July 2003, PW-8 (Khushbir Singh) was sleeping with his parents Pratap Singh and Gurpal Kaur, in their bedroom. Khushbir Singh is the complainant. His brother Satbir Singh and his wife Narinder Kaur (PW-9) were sleeping in another room. The two daughters of Satbir Singh and Narinder Kaur were sleeping in another room. PW-8 heard the cries of his nieces, and therefore, he was awakened from sleep. According to him, four to five persons who had entered his house assaulted PW-8, PW-9 and her husband–Satbir Singh. They broke the locks of the almirah in the house and took away ornaments and cash. The accused assaulted Pratap Singh and Gurpal Kaur. Both of them were injured and succumbed to injuries in the hospital.

Unlawful assembly not attracted

7) We find that as the appellants had undergone sentence for more than seven years, by the order dated 25th July 2011 of this Court, they have been enlarged on bail till the disposal of this appeal. We must note here that all the five accused were convicted for the offence punishable under Section 148 of the IPC, which is the offence of “rioting, armed with deadly weapon”. Section 146 of the IPC provides that whenever force or violence is used by unlawful assembly or by any member thereof in prosecution of the common object of such assembly, every member of the unlawful assembly is guilty of the offence of rioting. Therefore, the condition precedent for attracting Section 148 of the IPC is that there has to be an unlawful assembly. Under Section 141 of the IPC, the unlawful assembly must be of five or more persons. All five accused have been convicted for the offences punishable under Sections 460 and 302 with the aid of Section 149. Section 149 incorporates vicarious liability of all the members of an unlawful assembly for the acts done with a common object. In the present case, the High Court has acquitted two out of three accused of all charges. Therefore, we will have to proceed on the footing that there was no unlawful assembly within the meaning of Section 141 of the IPC. Thus, the conviction under Section 148 of the IPC cannot be sustained. Even the conviction for the offences under Sections 460 and 302 with the aid of Section 149 of the IPC cannot be upheld as there was no unlawful assembly. Perhaps the High Court could have altered the charge by applying Section 34 of the IPC, provided there was evidence on record. But that has not been done.

Test Identification Parade usually conducted immediately after the arrest

8) It is true that a test identification parade is not mandatory. The test identification parade is a part of the investigation. It is useful when the eyewitnesses do not know the accused before the incident. The test identification parade is usually conducted immediately after the arrest of the accused. Perhaps, if the test identification parade is properly conducted and is proved, it gives credence of the identification of the accused by the concerned eyewitnesses before the Court. The effect of the prosecution’s failure to conduct a test identification parade will depend on the facts of each case.

Vague and bald statements of the witnesses regarding the injuries caused to them

10) Therefore, we must analyse the testimonies of PW-8 and PW-9 to ascertain whether their version inspires confidence. PW-8 (Khushbir Singh) is the son of the deceased Pratap Singh and Gurpal Kaur. He deposed that his two nieces, Lovepreet Kaur and Amritpal Kaur (daughters of PW-9 Narinder Kaur), were sleeping in a room next to the room where he, along with his deceased parents, were sleeping. PW-8 stated that around 3 to 4 a.m., he heard the cries of his nieces. Thereafter, he found that there were three to four persons in the house, who were in the age group of 32 to 35 years. He claimed that the lights in the house were on. He identified only three accused (the appellants). The witness claimed that he challenged one of them, who gave a blow by ‘Sarva’ on his right ear. He stated that the blow was given by accused no.3-Bala (appellant no.2). Thereafter, he vaguely stated that his parents challenged the accused, but they also caused injuries to them as well. Further, he stated that his brother – Satbir Singh and PW-9 also woke up, and both suffered injuries. However, the witness has not stated which accused and in what manner, the accused assaulted his parents (the deceased). There is only one vague statement that when the deceased challenged them, the accused caused injuries to them. Thereafter, he stated that they demanded keys to open the cupboard, and due to the threat administered by them, the keys were handed over to them. Later, the accused walked away with cash and ornaments. In the cross-examination, he reiterated that he was awakened after hearing the cries of his nieces. He also accepted that he had not seen the accused before the occurrence, and therefore, he could not tell the names of the accused.

Confronting s.161 statement

11) PW-9 (Narinder Kaur) stated that around 2 to 3 a.m., she heard the cries of her family members. At that time, the lights in her house were put on. She stated that two persons entered her room, and one of them inflicted injuries on her husband– Satbir Singh. She stated that she received injuries from accused no.2–Kishore (appellant no.1), and she became unconscious. After pointing out to accused no.5 – Banaras (appellant no.3), she stated that he caused injuries to her husband – Satbir Singh. But she has not stated anything about the weapon of assault used by them for assault. Then, she described the ornaments which were taken by the accused. She deposed that on 22nd October 2003, she identified the ornaments in the police station in the presence of the witnesses. In the cross-examination, she was confronted with her statement recorded under Section 161 of Cr. PC. She accepted that in the statement, she had not stated that she could identify the accused. Her explanation was that no such question was put to her. She stated that she had not seen the accused before the occurrence of the incident. She stated that the ornaments produced in the Court could be procured from Sarafa Bazaar, and she had not given any specific mark of identity on the ornaments except stones.

Cannot connect accused with the injuries (crime)

12) Thus, PW-9 has not even stated that she had seen any of the accused assaulting the deceased. As pointed out earlier, even the version of PW-8 is very vague about the accused assaulting the deceased. Another important aspect is that PW 8 stated that he was awakened due to the cries of his nieces, Lovepreet Kaur and Amritpal Kaur. Though he accepted that Lovepreet Kaur was 16 to 17 years old, the prosecution has not examined Lovepreet Kaur. Similarly, Satbir Singh, husband of PW-9, who was the injured witness, has not been examined. The prosecution has not come out with any reason for not examining these two vital witnesses. It is very difficult to connect any accused with the injuries sustained by the deceased in the absence of any cogent evidence. Therefore, it is not possible to uphold the conviction for the offence punishable under Section 302 of the IPC.

Recovery: It is necessary to examine the person from whom the ornaments were brought

14) Now, we turn to the evidence of recovery of ornaments. Two of the five accused from whom the recovery was made, have been exonerated by the High Court. PW-7 (ASI Ajaib Singh) deposed that PW-9 identified the recovered ornaments from the other ornaments which were arranged through MHC. In the cross-examination, he stated that the other ornaments were arranged by a goldsmith and were mixed with the ornaments recovered at the instance of the accused. However, he stated that he was not aware of the fact how MHC had procured the said ornaments. The examination of the goldsmith or the person from whom the other ornaments were brought was necessary to prove that the ornaments were identical to the ones recovered at the instance of the accused. But that was not done. Therefore, even the identification of the ornaments by PW-9 becomes doubtful. The prosecution case regarding the recovery of the ornaments at the instance of the appellants also becomes doubtful.

Accused acquitted.

Party

Kishore & Ors. … Appellants versus State of Punjab – CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 1465 OF 2011 – 2024 INSC 91 – February 7, 2024

https://www.sci.gov.in/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=get_judgements_pdf&diary_no=52292011&type=j&order_date=2024-02-07

Kishore vs. State of Punjab – 52292011_2024-02-07

Further study

Accused has to explain the possession of stolen ornaments

Defence can rely on the unmarked document filed by the prosecution

Must have judgment for defense counsels