Acquittal: Animosity between the parties is not sufficient to prove the crime either direct or circumstantial

Appeal against the conviction

1. The appellant who is Accused No.1(‘A-1’) was convicted under Sections 302 and 364 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (‘IPC’) and was sentenced to life imprisonment and to pay a fine of Rs.5,000/- and seven years of rigorous imprisonment and fine of Rs.5,000/- under Section 201 of the IPC with the direction that both the sentences shall run concurrently. In the event of default in payment of the fine, he was directed to undergo further imprisonment of six months.

2. The aforesaid judgment and order of conviction and sentence have been confirmed by the High Court by the impugned Judgment and order dated 19.06.2024.

Case of the prosecution

3. The prosecution case is that the deceased Bhoominadhan was an auto driver. The family of the deceased consisting of his father Rajagopal Vellimalai @ Peddodu-PW-1 and his mother-PW-2 along with elder brother-PW-3 were living in Chandrababu Nagar, Nellore. The appellant-A-1 was known to them as he was also involved in auto business, but was living in Sramika Nagar, Nellore.

4. It appears that on 22.03.2016, the mother of the deceased-PW-2 reported to the Nellore Rural Police, that A-1 along with his friends while sitting near Vinayaka Temple in Chandrababu Nagar Area was passing obscene remarks against the females and were threatening them. On this report, Crime No.108/2016 under Sections 143, 290, 354, 323 and 506 read with Section 34 of the IPC was registered. In this connection A-1 also lodged a cross First Information Report (‘FIR’) which was registered as Crime No.109/2016 under Sections 341, 323, 379 read with Section 34 of the IPC.

6. The case of the prosecution in short is that when the deceased Bhoominadhan was proceeding in his auto at about 06.00 p.m. in the evening of 26.03.2016 and had reached the banyan tree in the Talpagiri Colony, Nellore, the accused forcibly dragged the deceased from his auto into their own auto and kidnapped him, which in fact was witnessed by PW-5, who further informed about the incident to PW-1. The father of the deceased Bhoominadhan, PW-1 searched for his son and submitted an FIR to the police at about midnight alleging that his son was abducted by A-1 and his friends.

7. Both PW-5 and PW-6 gave statements to the Police under Section 161 Cr.P.C. that they have seen the accused persons dragging the deceased Bhoominadhan into an auto on the evening of 26.03.2016. The statements of these two witnesses were also recorded before the Magistrate under Section 164 Cr.P.C., wherein they stated that when they reached the banyan tree at Talpagiri colony, they heard cries and when they turned back, they saw the accused and three other persons beating the deceased Bhoominadhan whereupon information of it was given to the PW-1.

11. Undoubtedly, the defence counsel from the deposition of PW-7 (IO) has been able to prove the animosity between the parties on account of the previous report lodged by the PW-2, mother of the deceased against A1. The aforesaid animosity between them may be the motive behind the crime but it is not sufficient to prove the commission of the crime unless the evidence proves kidnapping/abduction and killing of the deceased, either by direct or circumstantial evidence.  

13. In the absence of such evidence and the fact that both PW-5 and PW-6 have turned hostile, it cannot be held that A-1 was involved in the incident and that he was responsible for the killing of the deceased, on the basis of the last seen theory. There is no evidence to either prove the kidnapping of the deceased Bhoominadhan or that he was last seen in the company of A-1.

Animosity between the parties is not sufficient to prove the crime either direct or circumstantial

14. In view of the aforesaid facts and circumstances, and keeping in mind the five golden principles which constitute the panchsheel of the proof of a case based on circumstantial evidence, we are of the opinion that the prosecution has miserably failed to prove the commission of the offence at the hands of A-1.   

Conclusion: Acquittal

15. Accordingly, both the Trial Court and the High Court erred in convicting the appellant-A-1 on complete misreading of the evidence. Thus, the impugned judgments and orders of the High Court and the Trial Court are hereby set aside and the accused A-1, the appellant herein, is acquitted of all the charges and is directed to be released forthwith, if not involved in any other case.

Party

Thammineni Bhaskar, the appellant vs. The State of Andhra Pradesh, the respondent – Criminal Appeal No. 4623 of 2024 – 2025 INSC 1124 – September 17, 2025 Hon’ble Mr. Justice Pankaj Mithal and Hon’ble Mr. Justice Prasanna B. Varale.